Intshayelelo kwiIsitshizi se-insecticides
Iiprints zenambuzezi ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezicwangciso zolawulo lwezinambuzane kuzo zombini ezolimo kunye nezolimo - useto lwezolimo. Ezi arhente zekhemikhali ziyilelwe ngokukodwa ukuchitha okanye ukuthintela izinambuzane ekuzibandakanyeni kwizithuthi ezitshabalalisayo. Icandelo lezolimo lixhomekeke kwizinambuzane ukukhusela izilimo, ngelixa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yoluntu ngokulawula i-vector - Izifo ezibangelwa zizifo. Ukuqonda izithako ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi kwezi prays kubalulekile kubavelisi, abanyanga, kunye neefektri zokuphucula iimveliso zabo ukuze basebenze kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko.
Izithako ezisebenzayo kwi-insecticides
Iindidi eziphambili zezithako ezisebenzayo
Izithako ezisebenzayo kwizinto ezingenasinambuzane zihlala zihlelwe ngokusekwe kwimo yazo yekhemikhali kunye nendlela yesenzo. Ezona zisetyenziswayo zisetyenziswayo zii-organophosphasphas, iipyrethroids, kunye ne-carbamates. Ezi macandelo zibaluleke kakhulu ekumiseleni imisebenzi yenambuzane kunye nefuthe elinokubakho kwindalo kunye nezinto ezingabalulekanga. Udidi ngalunye lunepropathi eyahlukileyo echaza izicelo zayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo ngokuchasene nezinambuzane ezithile.
Organophosphasphasphasphassphas: Iindlela zesenzo
I-Cholielterase Thibing
I-Organophosphasphasphasphasphasphasphas isebenza ngokuyintloko ngokunyuselwa i-cholimterase, i-enzyme ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kwenkqubo yovalo. Le nkqubo ibangela ukomelela kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhokelela ekufeni kwesinambuzane. Inyathelo labo elikhawulezayo kwaye lubanzi Iifektri ezibandakanyekayo ekuvelisweni kwee-organophotesphates kufuneka ziqinisekise ngolawulo oluphambili lokugcina indalo kunye nokhuseleko.
I-Pyrethroids: Iindlela zokwenziwa
Ifunyenwe kwi-Pyrethtrins yendalo
I-Pyrethroids zinguqulelo zendalo zenzeka ngokwendalo zenzeka ngokwendalo, ezifumaneka kwiintyatyambo zeChrysanthemum. Baziwa ngesiphumo sabo esinkqonkqoza, sinika ukungasebenzi okukhulu kwezinambuzane. Ngokungafaniyo ne-organophosphasphasphasphas, i-Pyrethroids ayinatyhefu kwizilwanyana ezincancisayo, zibenzela ilungele ikhaya nezorhwebo. Abavelisi bavelisa iPyrethroid - Inambuzane esekwe ihlala igxile kwizinzile ukonyusa ubomi beshelfy kunye nempumelelo.
I-carbamates kunye nemisebenzi yabo
I-Inhitic Inhibitors
I-carbametes isebenza ngendlela efanayo kwi-organophosphasphasphasphas ngokuthintela i-chombilterase, kodwa zibonelela ngesakhiwo esahlukileyo sekhemikhali esivumela izicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zinambuzane zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho i-Organophosphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphasphas zinokubeka umngcipheko omkhulu ngenxa yohlobo lwabo lwexesha elide kwindalo esingqongileyo. Abathengisi abajamelene nezinambuzane ze-carbamate kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iziteshi zazo zokuhambisa zigcina ukugcina imveliso ngexesha lothutho.
I-Enzyme ethi: Indlela eqhelekileyo
Impembelelo kwi-Insect Ferkology
I-Enzyme Locaction yiqhinga ekwabelwana ngayo kwi-Gectuc ekwabelwana ngayo kwizinambuzane ezininzi, ekujolise kuzo iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ze-biochemical kwizinambuzane. Le ndlela iphazamisa inkqubo ye-nevous kunye ne-metabolic indlela, ekhokelela ekufeni ngokukhawuleza. Inkqubo yefektri eqhelisela i-inhibitors kufuneka ithobele imigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye nendalo esingqongileyo ukuthintela nayiphi na imiphumo emibi ebantwini nasezilwanyanani.
IZIQULATHO ZOKUKHUSELEKILEYO
Ukuphazamiseka kwamanqanaba ophuhliso
Izixhobo zokukhuliswa zinambuza (I-IGRS) zahlukile kwizinambuzane zemveli njengoko ziphazamisane neenkqubo zophuhliso lwenambuzane kunokuba zibangela ukufa ngokuthe ngqo. Ngokuphazamisa ukulungisa okanye ukuveliswa kwakhona, i-Igrs inciphisa ngokufanelekileyo iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abavelisi abakhethekileyo abazimeleyo kufuneka bagxile kuphando kunye nophuhliso ukomeleza ukukhetha nokunciphisa iimpembelelo kwizinambuzane eziluncedo.
Ukuthuthwa kwendalo esingqongileyo
I-Ruoff kunye neFomusi
Uthutho lwezinambuzane ukusuka kwinqanaba labo lokufaka indalo ebanzi yenzeka ngeendlela ezinje ngokubaleka, ukufunyanwa kwe-thamospheric, kunye ne-sub. Ezi nkqubo zinokukhokelela kungcoliseko lwamanzi amanzi, echaphazela ubomi base-Amatic kunye nokungena kwikhonkco lokutya. Iifektri ezivelisa ezi khemikhali kufuneka zibe nentlabathi yolawulo oluzinzileyo kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo.
Impembelelo kubomi base-Aquatic
Iziphumo ezingaphaya kweMpuma
Ngelixa izinambuzane ziyilelwe ukuphelisa izinambuzane, ubukho babo kwiindawo ezihlala zenziwa ziimeko ezingenamngcipheko kwi-EPOSSMSMS, iZinambuso ezijolise kuzo kunye nezilwanyana zabo. Ukudinwa kwezinto ezingenasiphelo kwiinkqubo ze-Aquatic kunokukhokelela kwilahleko yendalo kunye ne-ecosystem. Abathathi-nxaxheba basasaza ezi mveliso zinoxanduva lokubonelela ngemfundo ekusetyenzisweni ngokufanelekileyo ukukhusela ingozi yokusingqongileyo.
Ukuqwalaselwa kolawulo kunye nokhuseleko
Ukuthobela imigangatho yokhuseleko
Ukuveliswa kwesinambuzane kunye nokusetyenziswa kuxhomekeke kwisakhelo esingqongqo sengqongqo esijolise ekukhuseleni impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukuthobela le migangatho kubalulekile kubavelisi ukuba baphephe iziqendu ezisemthethweni kwaye bagcine ukuthembana esidlangalaleni. Iifektri kufuneka zithathe iiprothokholi ezibanzi zokhuseleko, kubandakanya amanyathelo okhuseleko emsebenzini kunye nezikhokelo zokulahla inkunkuma, ukuhambelana nolindelo lolawulo.
Inkosi ibonelela ngezisombululo
Izisombululo ezisebenzayo zokulawula ifuthe lokukhuphela izinambuzane zibandakanya ukutyala kuphando ukuphuhlisa ezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo. Abavelisi banokwazi ukwamkela imigaqo-nkqubo ye-chemistry eluhlaza ukuze iphumelele iimveliso eziyityhefu ezincinci. Iifektri kufuneka zikhulise iinkqubo zonyango zenkunkuma ukukhusela ukuvuza kweekhemikhali kwindalo esingqongileyo. Abathengisi banokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufundiseni abathengi ekusebenziseni iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo, ngakumbi ukunciphisa iziphumo ezibi. Ngokusebenzisana ne-chain yonikezo, abathathi-nxaxheba banokuqinisekisa indlela elungeleleneyo kulawulo lwezinambuzane okhusela zombini impilo kunye nezempilo yezendalo.
